Artificial intelligence has become a powerful force in today’s world, and its influence is being closely monitored by governments around the globe. Many countries are eager to support local AI companies, aiming to catch up with global leaders like South Korea. Last year, there was a heated debate among China’s top business and academic figures on whether artificial intelligence could bring back the “planned economy.†This question sparked discussions about the future of economic systems and the role of technology in shaping them.
In July of this year, the Chinese State Council released the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan," outlining a strategic vision for AI development by 2030. The plan sets clear goals, key tasks, and safeguard measures, elevating AI to a national strategic priority. Over the past few years, advancements in big data, cloud computing, and AI have significantly enhanced human ability to predict, plan, and manage social and economic activities.
The debate over whether AI could revive the planned economy was particularly intense between Ma Yun (Jack Ma), founder of Alibaba, and Qian Yingyi, dean of Tsinghua University's School of Economics and Management. Ma Yun argued that as big data becomes more prevalent, the distinction between market and planned economies may blur. He believed that the invisible hand of the market might eventually be replaced by AI-driven planning, making it possible to forecast and manage economic behavior more efficiently.
However, others, such as economist Xu Chenggang, raised concerns about the risks involved. He emphasized that while AI can process vast amounts of data, it still lacks the emotional and intuitive aspects of human decision-making. The core of AI lies in measurable data, which means it cannot fully replicate the complexity of human judgment or the soft data that shapes our decisions.
Big data, as a foundational resource, is essential for AI development. It is not just about collecting information but also about processing and analyzing it to make intelligent decisions. However, the limitations of AI become evident when we consider the role of intuition, emotions, and unmeasurable factors that shape human behavior. These elements are crucial for understanding the true purpose of human actions, something that machines currently lack.
Moreover, AI's ability to plan and execute tasks is limited by the clarity of its objectives. While it can assist in various fields—such as healthcare, finance, and military operations—it cannot replace human judgment in complex, unpredictable situations. National welfare, for example, is a multifaceted concept that involves the well-being of individuals, which no machine can fully understand or replicate.
Eliminating the market would undermine the very foundation of AI development. Market mechanisms provide the data necessary for AI to function effectively. Without a vibrant market, the flow of information and innovation would stagnate, making it impossible for AI to thrive. Additionally, the system itself plays a critical role in shaping how AI develops. Legal, ethical, and social considerations must be taken into account to ensure responsible AI growth.
In conclusion, while AI holds great promise, it is not a replacement for human intelligence or the market economy. Its success depends on how well it integrates with existing systems and how it addresses the challenges of inequality, ethics, and human values. As we move forward, the goal should not be to eliminate the market, but to use AI as a tool that complements and enhances it.
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