The role, classification and test methods of the oscilloscope

An oscilloscope is a widely used electronic measuring instrument. It can transform the electrical signals that are invisible to the naked eye into visible images, so that people can study the changes of various electrical phenomena. The oscilloscope uses a narrow beam of high-speed electrons to create a tiny spot on a phosphor-coated screen (this is how traditional analog oscilloscopes work). Under the action of the signal under test, the electron beam is like the tip of a pen, which can plot the instantaneous value of the measured signal on the screen. The oscilloscope can be used to observe waveforms of various signal amplitudes over time, and can also be used to test various types of power, such as voltage, current, frequency, phase difference, amplitude, and so on.

Classified according to different signals

The analog oscilloscope uses an analog circuit (oscilloscope tube, which is based on an electron gun). The electron gun emits electrons to the screen, and the emitted electrons are focused to form an electron beam and hit the screen. The inner surface of the screen is coated with a fluorescent substance so that the point hit by the electron beam emits light.

Digital oscilloscopes are high-performance oscilloscopes manufactured by a series of technologies such as data acquisition, A/D conversion, and software programming. The digital oscilloscope works by converting the measured voltage into digital information through an analog converter (ADC). The digital oscilloscope captures a series of samples of the waveform and stores the samples. The storage limit is to determine whether the accumulated samples can draw the waveform. Then, the digital oscilloscope reconstructs the waveform. Digital oscilloscopes can be divided into digital storage oscilloscopes (DSO), digital phosphor oscilloscopes (DPO) and sampling oscilloscopes.

To increase the bandwidth of an analog oscilloscope, oscilloscope, vertical amplification, and horizontal scanning are required to fully advance. To improve the bandwidth of a digital oscilloscope, it is only necessary to improve the performance of the front-end A/D converter, and there are no special requirements for the oscilloscope and the scanning circuit. Plus digital oscilloscopes make full use of memory, storage and processing, as well as a variety of triggering and lead triggering capabilities. In the 1980s, digital oscilloscopes sprang up and the results were numerous. They greatly replaced the potential of analog oscilloscopes. The analog oscilloscopes really retreated from the foreground to the background.

Classified according to structure and performance

1 ordinary oscilloscope. The circuit structure is simple, the frequency band is narrow, and the scanning linearity is poor, and it is only used to observe the waveform.

2 use an oscilloscope. The frequency band is wide, the scanning linearity is good, and the direct current, low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency signal and pulse signal can be quantitatively tested. With an amplitude calibrator and a time calibrator, the measurement is accurate to ±5%.

3 multi-line oscilloscope. The multi-beam oscilloscope can display the waveforms of two or more co-frequency signals simultaneously on the screen, without time difference, and the timing relationship is accurate.

4 more trace oscilloscopes. The structure has an electronic switch and a gating circuit, and can simultaneously display waveforms of two or more co-frequency signals on the screen of the single-beam oscilloscope. However, there is a time difference and the timing relationship is not accurate.

5 sampling oscilloscope. The sampling technology is used to convert the high frequency signal into an analog low frequency signal for display, and the effective frequency band can reach GHz level.

6 memory oscilloscope. Using a stored oscilloscope or digital storage technology, a single electrical signal transient, aperiodic, and ultra-low frequency signals are retained on the oscilloscope screen for a long time or stored in the circuit for repeated testing.

7 digital oscilloscope. It has a microprocessor inside and a digital display externally. Some products can display waveforms and display characters on the oscilloscope screen. The signal to be measured is sent to the data memory through the analog-to-digital converter (A/D converter), and the data of the captured waveform parameters can be added, subtracted, multiplied, divided, averaged, and squared by the keyboard operation. , find the root mean square value, etc., and display the answer number.

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