Gartner, a well-known research institute, made a forecast report on the latest trends in the Internet of Things. The report pointed out that the number of connected objects in global use in 2017 will reach 8.4 billion, an increase of 31% from 2016, and will increase to 20.4 billion by 2020. One. In addition, the end-point and service-related spending in 2017 will also reach the $2 trillion mark; consumer applications will account for 63% of the overall IoT application.
Gartner, a well-known research institution, made a forecast report on the latest trends in the Internet of Things. From the application field, the consumer market will be the largest group of users connected to the Internet.
In terms of regions, the Greater China region, North America and Western Europe will be the main areas for networking. The three regions will account for 67% of the total Internet of Things (IoT) installed capacity in 2017.
Gartner further analyzed that from the application field, the consumer market will be the largest group of connected users, and will reach 5.2 billion units in 2017, accounting for 63% of the total number of applications. According to Peter Middleton, research director at Gartner, in addition to automotive systems, the most common applications for consumers will be smart TVs and digital set-top boxes. The most commonly used companies are smart meters and commercial security surveillance cameras.
In addition to smart meters, applications tailored to specific verticals (including manufacturing equipment, process sensors used in power plants, and immediate addressing devices for medical care) will drive adoption of connected objects in 2017. Estimated to 1.6 billion pieces.
However, since 2018, as the networking function has gradually introduced mass-produced low-cost devices, various cross-industry devices with intelligent buildings as the main targets, including LED lighting, HVAC and physical security systems. , will become the mainstream. It is expected that by 2020, the number of inter-industry installations will grow to 4.4 billion, including 3.2 billion applications tailored for specific vertical enterprises.
In addition, Gartner also pointed out that the number of devices purchased by consumers has increased, and the costs associated with businesses have also increased. In terms of hardware expenditure, in 2017, enterprises will use networked objects to drive 964 billion US dollars; consumer application spending will increase to 725 billion US dollars, and by 2020, total hardware expenditures of the above two are expected to be Up to 3 trillion US dollars.
Denise Rueb, research director at Gartner, said that IoT services are important for the rise of IoT devices. Gartner estimates that total spending on IoT services (professional, consumer and wireless networking services) is expected to reach $273 billion in 2017.
Denise Rueb further pointed out that the related services are based on professional IoT operating technology categories, that is, service providers assist enterprises in designing, building and operating IoT systems. However, the growth rate of wireless networking services and consumer services will be faster, because the rise of consumer Internet of Things services is relatively late, and the growth foundation is weak. Similarly, wireless networking services have grown strongly due to falling costs and the rise of emerging applications.
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Working in the data link layer, the switch has a high bandwidth back bus and internal exchange matrix. All ports of the switch are connected to the back bus. After the control circuit receives the data packet, the processing port will look up the address reference table in memory to determine which port the NIC (network card) of destination MAC (hardware address of network card) is attached to. The data packet is quickly transmitted to the destination port through the internal exchange matrix. If the destination MAC does not exist, it will be broadcast to all terminals After the receiving port responds, the switch will "learn" the new address and add it to the internal MAC address table. The switch can also "segment" the network. By comparing the MAC address table, the switch only allows the necessary network traffic through the switch. Through the filter and forward of switch, the conflict domain can be effectively reduced, but it can not divide network layer broadcast, that is, broadcast domain. The switch can transmit data between multiple port pairs at the same time. Each port can be regarded as an independent network segment, and the network equipment connected to it can enjoy all the bandwidth without competing with other devices. When node a sends data to node D, node B can send data to node C at the same time, and these two transmissions enjoy the full bandwidth of the network and have their own virtual connections. If a 10Mbps Ethernet switch is used here, the total flow flux of the switch is equal to 2 × 10Mbps = 20MBps, and the total flow flux of a hub will not exceed 10Mbps when using 10Mbps shared hub. In a word, switch is a kind of network equipment based on MAC address recognition, which can encapsulate and forward data frames. The switch can "learn" the MAC address and store it in the internal address table. By establishing a temporary exchange path between the originator and the target receiver of the data frame, the data frame can reach the destination address directly from the source address.
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