It is not difficult to convert ordinary street lights into LED street lights.

In view of the high energy consumption, vulnerability, maintenance and safety hazards of large-scale old-fashioned street lamps that have been installed in factories, campuses, residential areas, etc., the paper proposes to use the original power supply line and the main body of the street lamp to increase the LED. The controller and the method of replacing the LED illuminator solve the above problems. The verification of an activity center example shows that this scheme is feasible and energy-saving effect is obvious.
With the accelerating process of global industrialization, human beings are increasingly demanding various resources. All kinds of resources that can be exploited and utilized on the earth are suffering from unprecedented over-exploitation, resulting in ecological damage and environmental pollution. More and more serious, for China, the shortage of resources per capita, limited environmental capacity, and ecological fragility are particularly serious. If these problems are not effectively resolved, it will greatly restrict the space and sustainability of China's economic development. Under such a severe situation, "building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society" has become China's basic national policy, and how to deal with a large number of high-energy equipment is a top priority. All updates are costly, laborious and wasteful. Resources, so it is the only way to make energy-saving renovations to meet energy-saving requirements.
The article tests the street lamp line to be modified to determine whether the original line has the conditions for use; whether the modified street lamp is safe by analyzing the internal structure and force of the street lamp; selecting the best retrofit plan by analyzing the configuration of the original street lamp and The implementation plan, finally produced the energy saving and consumption reduction effect diagram before and after the transformation.
1. Street lamp power supply line inspection and load change analysis
After many years of operation, the power transmission quality of the power supply line will decrease, mainly in the two aspects of the increase of the resistance of the line and the decline of the insulation performance. Therefore, at the beginning of the street lamp transformation, the power supply line should be comprehensive. an examination.
1.1 Checking the line resistance value
The street lamp power supply generally adopts three-phase four-wire system parallel power supply. We must first disconnect the power supply line for the street lamp in the power distribution room, then temporarily short the three fire wires to a neutral wire, and then sequentially supply each street lamp power supply line from the main power supply. Disconnect the line, keep only the main line connected, and then measure the resistance between the three live and neutral lines with the multimeter at the farthest end.
Under normal circumstances, the resistance between the three live and neutral lines should be basically equal, and the measured resistance should be the number of resistances calculated by calculation {conductor resistance calculation formula: R = ρ × L / S, ρ = resistivity, L = length (m), S = line carrying surface (mm2). The resistivity of the copper wire: ρ=0.0172; the resistivity of the aluminum wire: ρ=0.0283} is not much different. If the measured resistance meets the above requirements, the next insulation check is performed. Otherwise, the problematic line is to be The far end is in turn checked in the near end until the problematic line node is found and processed.
1.2 Check the insulation resistance of the line
After the resistance check of the street lamp line meets the requirements, disconnect the short line between the live line and the neutral line, keep the points in the line without mutual connection, no grounding point, and then measure the insulation resistance between the lines in a megohmmeter. The insulation resistance value that meets the requirements should be no less than 0.5MΩ (especially the insulation resistance between the phase lines and the phase line to ground should be greater than 0.5MΩ, and the neutral line can be above 0.25MΩ). If the measured insulation resistance does not meet the above requirements, it indicates that the main circuit insulation layer is seriously deteriorated or the insulation layer is damaged. It is necessary to repair the line or replace the new line according to the actual situation.
1.3 Analysis of load change of power supply line
The load change of the power supply line is mainly caused by the change of the power of the street lamp and the change of the line loss. Under the same illumination intensity and illumination range, the power consumption of the LED light source is only about 50% of the power consumption of the metal halide lamp source, and the main line loss of the street lamp is also reduced by 75% (the load power is reduced by 50% when the voltage is constant). , the current in the main line is also reduced by 50%, according to the formula "loss power W = line current I square × line resistance" can calculate the line loss value), which is not only conducive to the realization of energy saving goals, but also eliminate Due to the power line full load operation caused by power line heating, poor contact, open trip and other faults, the conversion of street light source into LED will be very beneficial to the long-term stable operation of the street lamp system.
2. Inspection of structural parts of street lamp body and analysis of force changes
The lamp body structure includes a base, a lamp post, a lamp cap and other accessories. The material of the structural member includes metal, glass, plastic, and the like. The inspection of structural parts is mainly based on visual inspection. It mainly tests whether the structural parts have corrosion, deformation and fracture, which affect the appearance and structural stress. Most of the street lamps will be damaged by partial components after several years of operation. During the renovation of the street lamps, the damaged parts should be repaired or replaced, so that the modified street lamps can reach the conditions of use.
The analysis of the force change of the structural light of the street lamp body is to verify whether the main bearing capacity of the modified street lamp meets the safety requirements. During the transformation process, the weight and the windward area of ​​the lamp may change. When the weight of the lamp moves down or does not change, and the windward area shrinks or remains constant, the maximum torque of the root connected to the base of the lamppost remains unchanged or Lowering, meeting the strength and deflection requirements of the original design of the lamp post, the street lamp is safe and secure; when the weight of the lamp moves up and the windward area increases, the maximum torque of the root connected to the lamp post and the base is increased, and the street lamp is safe. Make the following verification:
2.1 Verify the pole strength
Determine the maximum wind speed U (12 levels = 36M / S), find the wind pressure P = U2 / 1.6, calculate the windward area S lamp body = (D + d) * H / 2 + S accessories + S lamps (where D For the outer diameter of the bottom of the pole, d is the outer diameter of the top of the pole; H is the height of the pole), calculate the height of the weight of the lamp Hx = (2d + D) * H / 3 (d + D), the wind pressure pair Street lamp body torque M = P × S lamp body × Hx (wind pressure on the lamp body will vary with height, we use the approximate calculation method here, the wind pressure is considered to be all at the center of the pole) . The section resistance moment of the root of the pole: W=π*(D4-d4)/32D, the allowable value of the root of the pole: [M]= W*[σ] ([σ] is the yield strength of the pole material), if [ M]>M, the pole strength is safe.
2.2 Verify the pole deflection
The approximate calculation formula for the cone as a straight rod is: De=(d+D)/2; the moment of inertia of the section: I=Ï€*[De4-(De-2t)4]/64 (t is the thickness of the material); Load: Q=M/Hx; deflection of wind pressure on street lamp: Fmax= QHx3/3EI (E is elastic modulus); when lamp pole deflection allowable value: [Fmax]=H/40>Fmax, light pole Deflection is safe.
Considering the unevenness coefficient of wind speed, the aerodynamic coefficient, and the angle between the wind direction and the light pole and the lamp, the stress at the actual dangerous section and the deflection of the lamp top are lower than the results calculated above, so after the above verification, the requirements are met. The pole design is safe and reliable.
3. Comparison of parameters and power selection between LED light source and traditional light source
The light sources used in small street lamps that have been installed for many years are various and have different performances. The following table compares the technical parameters of LED light sources with various traditional light sources:
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Through the comprehensive comparison of the technical parameters of various light sources and the comparison of the actual use effects, the LED light source has high luminous efficiency, good color rendering performance and longest service life. The 70W LED can replace the 250W high pressure sodium lamp or the 300W mercury lamp. Can achieve energy saving of more than 70%. Therefore, when selecting the power of the LED light source used for the retrofit, one-third of the power of the existing light source can be used as a reference standard.
4. Design and implementation of street lighting renovation plan
This article focuses on the renovation of small street lights. The small street lamp has the characteristics that the height of the lamp body is relatively short (the general lamp height is 3 to 5 meters), and the structure is diversified (both simple integrated street lamps and landscape lamps with complex appearances), so the transformation plan should be followed. The specific configuration of the original street light system is designed. It is necessary to consider the structure of the lamp body of the original street lamp and the aesthetics after the transformation, and also consider the control of the transformation cost and the maximization of the existing resources. Therefore, the design principle of the street lamp renovation plan is: 1 no change or less change the appearance of the street lamp; 2 make full use of the original street lamp line and installation structural parts (to maximize resource reuse); 3 make full use of the diversity of LED products (with red, Yellow, blue, green, white and other light-emitting colors, there are various types of light bars, different power lamp beads, various types of light bulbs and other product forms.) to meet the needs of the transformation, if necessary, need to use the LED light bar according to the internal structure of the street lamp Or lamp beads homemade illuminant; 4 consider energy-saving and environmental protection factors, to achieve time-sharing control (full-time when busy, half-light when idle).
In order to make full use of resources during the implementation of the program, we can adopt the step-by-step transformation method. Firstly, the original street lamp is dismantled and tested, and the light source and accessories that still have value of use are collected to repair part of the street lamp, so that it can be reconstructed after natural damage; the unrepairable street lamp is first modified and modified. recording. Since the total power of the street lamp is reduced by more than 50% after the renovation, we can make full use of the three phase lines in the original line for branch control. It is easy to realize any switch control of the street light double light source or even the three light source through the time controller. Conducive to energy saving, but also can greatly extend the life of LED street lights .
After the street lamp renovation is completed, the energy saving comparison table can be formed by the previous power consumption record data:
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5, summary
According to this plan, an activity center has completed 60 streetlight renovations, replacing the original street lamp 120W metal halide lamp ceiling lamp with a 30W LED spotlight, and replacing the original 40W pole lamp fluorescent tube with a tube made of white 5050 LED light bar. Shaped lamp (power is 20w), and realizes time-sharing control for top lamp and pole lamp. The top light switch is controlled by the theodolite lamp controller. The bar lamp is controlled by the time controller to light the lamp at 6 o'clock to 12 o'clock at night, and close after 12 o'clock. Through statistics, energy saving is more than 75%. The above successful cases prove that the LED street lamp retrofit scheme is feasible and has a certain guiding role in the process of transforming old street lamps into LED street lamps.
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