When is 5G coming, what can it bring to us?

China's 5g promotion group officially released the "5g network architecture design" white paper at the first global 5g conference on June 1st, which reflects the latest achievements of China's 5g network technology research, which means that China's research from the 5g concept has entered Substantial advancement stage - 5g is really coming. However, several questions about 5g may not be clear, this article will talk about it.

In terms of 3g, 4g, and 5g, G is an abbreviation for the English word "generaTIon" (xth generation). Therefore, 5g is the fifth generation mobile communication technology.

In the field of mobile communications:

The first generation is analog technology;

The second generation realized digital voice communication;

The third generation is the well-known 3G technology, characterized by multimedia communication;

The fourth generation is the 4g technology that is being rolled out, and its communication rate is greatly improved, marking the era of entering the wireless broadband.

In simple terms, 5g will be faster and consume less than 4g, bringing a new range of wireless products. Li Zhengmao, vice president of China Mobile, once said that the telecom equipment in the 5G era has been greatly reduced: "In the 4g to 5g era, the transmission cost per bit has been reduced by 1000 times. Then we also hope that the price of telecom equipment will also be reduced by 1000 times. The cost is determined by the operators. The key to profitability in the data age."

5g is not really new technology

There is a view that 5g will be a new technology. The representative of this view is Huawei's wireless network product line CMO Yang Chaobin. In his view, 4g will not become 5g anymore, and 5g will be a new technology.

5g is not just a technical update, it is a very big leap development, it is a change, which means that the network architecture must be improved, 5g network demand will be completely different from 4g; although the 4g LTE technology still used now Will continue to evolve, but 4g will not become 5g, 5G will be a new technology.

But most technical experts are more inclined to the following point: 5g is the inevitable evolution of 4g technology - both evolution and revolution.

Although the development of any generation of technology can not be the repetition of the previous generation of technology, if the new generation of technology is the same as the previous generation technology, then what is a new generation, so 3g technology is different from 2G, 4g is different from 3g, its technical principle The way to solve problems, the way to deploy, and the ability to achieve are different, but there is no foundation for the previous generation of technology, or the next generation does not have the technology inheritance of the previous generation, and the revolutionary upgrade is also a castle in the air.

5g is not an amazing new technology, 5g technology is a new combination of existing technology, is the re-evolution of 4g technology.

Why should we emphasize "re-"? Because the last three letters of 4g LTE mean long-term evolution, 5g should be a re-evolution based on 4g. Regarding the viewpoint of technological evolution, the scientific squirrel member communication professional teacher Occam razor has a popular double hump theory, which can clearly explain that 5g is only a technological evolution.

Occam's razor believes that after the emergence of a new technology concept, there will be a climax of research and discussion in the industry, this is the first hump.

Relevant academic papers will be produced as hotspots. The piles of doctoral masters have completed their graduation thesis with this new technology. Although it is very lively, it is only limited to the level of academic research, and there are still many problems in the implementation of specific technologies. Or, due to cost reasons, it is impossible to mass-produce.

The study discussed the climax of the climax, which is the first hump's whereabouts, followed by low-key and pragmatic technical research. This platform may be a few years or a decade. When the technical problems are solved, the business will be welcomed. Mass production and market enthusiasm, this is the second hump.

According to the International Telecommunication Union's plan for 2020, it will be fully entered into 5g in five years, and the core technology system has not yet been established. Reviewing the history of 3g technology development, the International Telecommunication Union received the 3G technical proposal on June 30, 1998, and ushered in the first hump period. Until January 7, 2009, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially issued three 3g license, this only entered the second hump, the platform period lasted for 11 years, especially one of the three licenses of TD-SCDMA, until 2013 is really mature, the platform period is up to 15 years, can just mature 4g era It’s coming. According to the "double hump law", the technology that will be promoted globally after 5 years should usher in the first hump around 2010, and will not be born in two or three years before 2020, and then quickly be internationally telecommunication. The alliance is determined to be the global 5g standard, which violates the general rules of technological development and is unlikely to come true.

In essence, the roads selected by most R&D institutions in the 5g study are also the same, with two legs walking.

5g research and development proposed two legs to walk: on the one hand continue to promote the evolution based on 4g technology, on the one hand to develop 5g new technology, both.

In the face of the thousand-fold speed-up requirement in the 5G era, the evolution of 4g technology is only possible by greatly increasing the bandwidth. Increasing the bandwidth is the starting point, and the resulting millimeter wave, micro base station, high-order MIMO, beamforming, etc. are all logical trends. In the 5G era, the core technologies of large-scale antenna arrays, millimeter-wave technologies, new network architectures, and new air interface designs are mostly based on 4G network technology, which can greatly improve performance. Taking soft air interface technology as an example, this technology combines the hardware processing capability of Pre5g, allowing operators to have smooth upgrade capability from 4g to 5g. From 4g to Pre5g, the terminal does not need to be replaced, but from Pre5g to 5g, the base station equipment can also continue to use.

Figure: Micro base station under millimeter wave technology

Understand that 5g is the basic definition of the fifth generation of mobile communication technology, it is understood that it is upgraded from 3g, 4g, naturally it is a technology accumulation and evolution, it can be said that without the development of 3g, 4g technology, there is no 5g. On the one hand, the evolution of 5g technology is the inevitable result of technology accumulation. Of course, it also requires revolutionary innovation to achieve the goal of evolution. On the other hand, it is also an inevitable requirement for the rapid improvement of human communication demand.

Conversely, the previous 5g has not been popularized. First, technology is not available, and second, there is no demand for application. Now with the demand, there is 5g. What needs? Future networks will face: 1000 times data capacity growth, 10 to 100 times wireless device connectivity, 10 to 100 times user rate requirements, 10 times longer battery life requirements, and more. Frankly speaking, 4g networks may not be able to meet these needs in the next five or six years, so 5g must be launched in advance.

The first generation of mobile communications, deployed in China in 1987, was eight years behind the mainstream of the world.

2G, China began to build 2G network in 1995, four years later than Europe.

In 2009, China's first 3G network was opened, eight years later than the opening of the world's first 3G network.

In 2013, China’s 4G license was issued, which is about three years behind the world’s first 4g network.

I believe that 5g, China's network deployment will be synchronized with the world, even the first country to deploy. To know that 5g has become a technological highland that countries are stepping up to seize. In China's 13th Five-Year Plan, it is clear that it is necessary to accelerate the development and application of new information network technologies, actively promote the research on the fifth-generation mobile communication (5g) and ultra-wideband key technologies, and launch 5g commercial.

The promotion of 5g is also accelerating in the national licensing rhythm: 2G fires for 15 years; 3g fires for 6 years, and it is also okay: China issued 3g license in 2009, China Mobile won TD-LTE license on December 4, 2013 The first to enter the 4g era, February 27, 2015, after more than a year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced to China Unicom and China Telecom issued FDD LTE mode 4g commercial license, which means that the country left 4g for a maximum of five years.

Looking back at this process, in fact, China’s release of FDD photos at this time in 2015 is actually a layout for the next five years. At that time, the state realized that if China’s mobile 4g ​​protection period is blindly, China will lose 5g in 2020. Layout, therefore, by issuing an FDD license, TDD and FDD are opened in advance to the 5g evolving restricted channel, and get rid of the embarrassment of being subject to people. Only in this way, the 5G based on the complete evolution of TDD and FDD technology will benefit Chinese operators in the future 5G layout choice will be more comfortable and invincible.

5g in China is no longer a concept of the future, it has become a reality of progress.

The 5g planning steps in China are as follows: In 2016, we will start the 5g standard research. It is expected that the first version of the standard will be completed in 2018, and then the start time of the commercial application will be determined around 2020 according to the maturity of the product.

The user is most concerned about the tariff. If the arrival of 5g, will increase the input cost of operators and equipment vendors, and further increase the network tariff? When the real 5g arrives, it is not just a matter of price drop. In fact, you may be able to get the same ten times more services than the previous one. For example, you can spend only 100 minutes on the phone (the same money, before), then you can call 1000 minutes on the 5g system.

Is this really the case? Yes! In essence, every time the technology industry upgrades from 2G to 3g or 4g, it does not get rid of the fate of price cuts, and can drop 20% every time, rest assured.

May wish to review -

2G relies on two systems (GSM, CDMA) to end the tens of thousands of big brothers, and to support six operators of mobile, broadband, pager and fixed-line companies;

3g ended the high price of hundreds of voices and text messages by three systems, and only supported the three operators of comprehensive homogenization;

5g can only rely on one system to enter the ultra-low price for traffic relief, and can only support two or one communication carrier.

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