What kind of concept is "sound field"?

In the United States, often considered the birthplace of music that brings people to their feet, there are two key terms associated with audio reproduction: "Sound Field" and "Sound Stage." While "Sound Stage" refers to the spatial arrangement of instruments on a stage—its width, depth, and height—it's essentially a three-dimensional concept. However, when we talk about the "sound field," we're usually referring to what is commonly known as the "Sound Stage." The term "Sound Stage" might seem odd when literally translated as "stage of sound," but it's widely used in audio discussions. Meanwhile, "Sound Field" relates more to the sense of space and immersion, which is why when we talk about the "shape of the sound field," we're really describing how the equipment recreates the spatial layout of the original recording. Due to variations in frequency response and speaker directivity, the sound field produced by an audio system may not always match the original recording. For example, if the room is wider than it is deep, or vice versa, the perceived sound field can be distorted. Some recordings feature a square-shaped sound stage without any arches, while others may have different shapes. These differences make it impossible to recreate the exact original setup during playback. Another important aspect is the positioning of the sound field. It includes the front, back, high, and low aspects. Mismatched equipment can create a floating sound field, making it feel like the music is suspended in mid-air. Others might feel as though they're sitting in the second row of a concert hall. This effect depends on factors like speaker placement and frequency response. Ideally, the sound field should mirror the natural positioning of instruments in a live orchestra. For instance, double basses and cellos should sound lower, violins slightly higher, and brass instruments even higher. The overall height of the sound field should be just below eye level when seated. So, the violin should be above your line of sight, while the cello and double bass should be below it. Brass instruments should be at least as high as the violin. The front and back positions of the sound field are also crucial. Experienced audiophiles often recommend aligning the listening position with a straight line extending from the front panel of the speakers. However, this ideal setup is rarely achievable due to factors like room acoustics, speaker placement, and the type of music being played. In general, the sound field should extend forward but not too far back. If it's pulled too far back, it can feel unnatural, like "facing the street." When it comes to the width of the sound field, many enthusiasts boast that their system can project sound beyond the speakers, even breaking through walls. While this may sound exaggerated, some listeners do experience a wide soundstage that seems to extend beyond the physical boundaries of the speakers. In classical music, for example, the orchestra often feels wider than the space between the speakers, reaching the side walls. However, the idea of "breaking through the wall" is largely imaginative. The real sound field remains within the room. A good way to test this is by listening to Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture. If the sound stays centered between the speakers without spilling over, it may indicate that something is off in your system. Finally, the depth of the sound field, often referred to as "depth sense," is another critical element. Unlike width or positioning, depth relates to the distance between the frontmost and backmost elements in the soundstage. This is most noticeable between the violin section and the percussion instruments like the timpani and bass drum. Some systems may exaggerate this depth, making it seem like the sound extends into the street. But in reality, true depth is about the spatial relationship between instruments. Too much low-frequency energy can push the sound forward, reducing the perception of depth. Conversely, a retracted sound field might be mistaken for depth, but it's actually a misrepresentation. Remember, no band would ever be arranged vertically, so focusing on the distance between the violin and the drums will help you better understand the depth of the sound field.

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