In-depth analysis of IPTV system architecture technology

IPTV is simply an interactive network TV, which can provide users with carrier-grade services and easy-to-use TV-style experience.

The IPTV service is an emerging value-added Internet service that has emerged along with the rapid development of broadband Internet. It uses the infrastructure of broadband Internet, uses home TVs and computers as main terminals, and uses network set-top boxes (STB, Set-TopBox). It transmits TV signals through Internet protocols and provides various digital media services including TV programs.

Overview of IPTV system So far, although IPTV has not yet had a very clear definition, IPTV is undoubtedly the realization of TV networking, and its specific manifestation must be based on the streaming service of the IP network. The central task of the entire IPTV system is how to provide streaming media services to users.
Around this issue, it is necessary to fully consider some guarantee systems necessary for carrier-grade systems, such as operation support systems and network management systems. It is generally believed that the IPTV system can be logically divided into five parts: media processing subsystem, media management subsystem, electronic program list service subsystem, operation support subsystem, and streaming service subsystem.
In addition, in order to more intuitively show the cooperative work of the system, according to the function of the device, the related components of the system can be divided into the following four parts according to the function: media platform layer, service support layer, operation support layer, and terminal layer.
In fact, a complete IPTV system should also include an IP bearer layer. Although the operation of the IPTV system is closely related to the IP bearer layer, the IP bearer layer is not unique to the IPTV system, but the IPTV system has some relatively special requirements, such as support for multicast and high bandwidth requirements, so this article It will not be described in detail.
IPTV system logical structure

figure 1
Figure 1 is the logical structure of the IPTV system, which can help you better understand the system architecture, main functions and implementation solutions.
(1) Streaming service subsystem The streaming service subsystem is a subsystem that directly provides streaming services to users and is the core of the system. Whether it is video on demand, live TV, or other value-added services, the IPTV system will eventually provide services through the streaming service subsystem, and the terminal always interacts with the streaming service subsystem for streaming media. The other subsystems provide services directly or indirectly to the streaming service subsystem. The streaming service subsystem provides guarantee for the entire streaming media service. It is a key logical component of the system, and other related subsystems serve it and are designed around it.
(2) Media processing subsystem The main task of the media processing subsystem is to convert the original program source into a streaming media program source that conforms to the prescribed encoding format. The original program source may be a copy of the movie, it may be a DVD disc, or it may be a digital or analog video and audio signal source (digital TV or analog TV signal source). The task of the media processing subsystem is to convert it into a suitable For video and audio files transmitted on the Internet, the encoding format used must be compression encoding, such as MEPG-4, WMV, or H.264. The future trend is to adopt a unified H.264 encoding format. Of course, the system is also compatible with media files of other formats. The key is that the terminal must support the corresponding decoding program. The media processing subsystem is essentially the entrance of media into the IPTV system. Whether it is a TV program or a movie program, it needs to be processed by this subsystem before entering the system, before it is possible to provide IPTV users with related streaming media Service resources.
(3) Media management subsystem The main task of the media management subsystem is to manage media resources, including media content management, planning arrangement, EPG information collection and generation, and report information collection and generation.
Media content management, including the strategy for storing and distributing media content, such as how to save in the system, how many copies are stored, and how to index location information, etc., is a key factor related to the efficiency of media storage and distribution, and is also a device manufacturer One of the key considerations.
The planned arrangement is generally related to TV programs. If the system wants to provide the function of time-shifting TV, it is necessary to record TV programs. The purpose of the planned arrangement is to divide these contents into the storage area in the future according to the time period. Time The division of segments is generally based on the TV station's program schedule, so as to ensure that these files can be ordered according to the time slot and program name when watching TV on time shift, and watch TV programs according to time.
The collection and generation of EPG information is generally through the media content to customize the EPG screen, which can control which media programs appear on the EPG interface and can be used by users. At the same time, it can generate related programs in the interface according to some programming plans. Single, this is a bit similar to the TV program trailer of traditional TV, it is a resource of EPG pictures. According to the on-demand situation, it can generate a list of popular movies, and the latest movie list can be generated according to the time when the program is imported into the system.
The information collection and generation of the report can be understood as some situations through the statistics of the media resource status and usage database. Its main purpose is to generate a report file in a specified format by querying the database for the operator to perform relevant analysis . For example, it can provide the frequency of video clicks so that you can formulate strategies to increase the number of copies of videos that are clicked more in the system to ensure better service for users, while the number of on-demand less can reduce the number of copies of the system To improve the utilization of disk space.
(4) Electronic program list service subsystem The main task of the electronic program list service subsystem is to provide users with business entry services, an interface directly presented to users, and a system service index for users to choose. Access request. The electronic program list subsystem presents users with services that can be enjoyed under certain levels of authority. For example, if it is a monthly user, the electronic program list service subsystem will present all the media resources provided to the monthly user to the user in the form of pages, and the user can also query through various keywords. Of course, users can also choose media or service resources beyond the service range by increasing the payment method. Or, within the user's service range, the user can also control the password protection of some videos that are not suitable for children to prevent children from watching.
(5) Operation support subsystem The operation support subsystem is a system for the operator's operation management services, including user management, billing management, pricing strategy management, network equipment management, and some management work related to operations. This part is very important for value-added service operators and telecommunications operators. On the one hand, it manages these servers and network resources that provide services to users. On the other hand, it needs to customize the tariff policies of related services. The strength of the tariff management function usually has a great impact on the business competitiveness of operators. The more diversified the supported strategies, the more they can attract more needs, while adapting to changes in market competition strategies, such as temporary discounts and business bundling. At the same time, it generally manages user data, such as user account opening, data management, and status changes. It can set some thresholds to enable the system to automatically switch users' services, avoiding malicious user arrears. In the operation support system, the operator also hopes to be able to manage some third-party network equipment (in general, the current system is a comprehensive system, and the integration of multi-vendor equipment is a very common phenomenon). Some original front-end application systems and back-end accounting systems perform some automatic data transfer interface functions, thereby achieving the unity of the platform. The operation support system is related to some usage habits of customers and related services. It is precisely because of personalization that the general operator will make some customizations according to the requirements, and adopt some open architecture, which can easily customize the relevant modules to meet Various personalized requirements.

The functional structure of the IPTV system was introduced earlier. According to the functional structure, the IPTV system can be divided into a media platform layer, a service support layer, an operation support layer, and a terminal layer. But in fact, the layered structure of the system will be different depending on the construction of the business model and the implementation method. The functions between the platforms are only vaguely different, and there are no clear boundaries. For example, the content encoding server There are differences as to whether it belongs to the media platform layer or the service support layer; and whether the network management system belongs to the operation support layer or the service support layer will have different voices. The equipment contained in these layers is clearly defined, depends on the system architecture engineer, and is closely related to the relevant business processes of the system. Only a few common features are discussed here.

figure 2
Figure 2 shows the structure of an implementation solution. You can have a general understanding of the entire IPTV system. In the following, we will introduce some details of each layer.

(1) Media platform layer The media platform layer generally consists of media-related servers. Relevant services currently provided mainly include media storage and distribution media workstations (some manufacturers also call streaming media servers), media encoding encryption and imported content workstations. Considering the future business expansion, more content will be added. For example, if you increase the network video phone service, you must also add related servers to be responsible for the media stream processing of the video phone service; if you increase the network game service, also Related game servers are required to handle related transactions.
(2) Service support layer The service support layer, also known as the online service support layer, can generally be located in the central computer room and the metropolitan area network computer room in a distributed structure. Its main task is to control IPTV related services: on the one hand, it is to ensure that legitimate users can get related services through normal channels, and to authenticate and authorize users; on the other hand, to prevent illegal users from accessing through authentication and authorization measures system.
In general, the service support layer includes all servers related to media services, mainly including DRM systems (including license servers and other components that reference and control keys), customer self-service servers, network management servers, and media Some content encoding servers, authentication servers, EPG servers, etc. introduced into the system. The DRM system is mainly used for digital rights management of streaming media. The license server is mainly used for license distribution. The authentication server is mainly used for user service access authentication. Other servers provide online support for users' media services.
(3) Operation support layer The operation support layer, also known as the background service support layer, is generally located in the user's data center and network management center. It serves the business operation and network management and is the core of the operator's business management and control. The platform has to adapt to different operating modes and management styles. Generally, more business models and management models have to be considered. Operators generally also put forward many customized requirements. Generally, it includes customer management, billing management and media asset management, which are relatively independent modules. Generally speaking, these three parts are the functional modules of OSS.
OSS is a scalable and extensible business support platform for operators to perform program management, workflow management, user management, billing and accounting, and user self-service. At the same time, it provides various background solutions, such as user management, business management, tariff policy management, write-off processing, revenue management, settlement and allocation, data analysis and other functions.
(4) Client software of the terminal layer EPG, decoding equipment (supports MPEG-1 / 2/4, WMV, REAL, H.264 and other formats), media players interact with the server in the system to control the process of media services , And convert the media stream data into a video signal supported by the TV terminal through STB. The future will also include terminals such as 3G mobile phones.
The terminal layer is the platform used by the entire system to interact with users, and is the only device presented on the user side. In addition to considering the technical level, its design also considers many factors, such as economy and aesthetics.
The main equipment at the terminal layer is generally a set-top box. Of course, if you are a PC user, you only need a set of software that supports decoding and playback technology. You can think of it as a software set-top box.
Conclusion The IPTV system is a business system built on the existing Internet. It must adapt to the existing IP network construction in order to ensure the reliability and stability of the system. Generally speaking, the IPTV network is a layered network structure, which is divided into a backbone network layer, a metropolitan area network layer, and an access network layer. The deployment of the IPTV system generally coincides with this layered structure.
(1) The data center is located at the backbone layer, and the corresponding OSS and network management systems are deployed. At the same time, some content encoding servers, central media servers, and corresponding service support layer functional entities can be centrally deployed here. If the network is large, some components can also be distributed to the metropolitan area network.
(2) The distributed media workstations can be located in the metropolitan area network layer or the access network layer. Depending on the size of the network, they can be located in the metropolitan area network at the initial stage and can be deployed in layers in the metropolitan area network and the access network later.
(3) The terminal equipment is located in the access network.
Such a structure can effectively use the existing various network resources, accelerate the deployment speed, and ensure the low-cost deployment of the system while also ensuring the scalability of the system.
The IPTV system is a new value-added service platform based on broadband networks. With the development of Internet technology, it will inevitably continue to develop. Although its logical structure will not change significantly, unless the Internet's architecture changes greatly, the logical architecture The functional modules of the software will inevitably change with the development of the business. The functions that meet the needs of users will continue to be developed. The IPTV service will also continue to develop in continuous business innovation, occupying a place in personalized home entertainment and built for users. A brand new entertainment and even business platform.

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