Learning STM32 lays the foundation, you need to know these

To begin with, when studying the Cortex-M3, it's crucial to familiarize yourself with the essential acronyms. Here are some of the key terms: **Abbreviations:** - AMBA: Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture - ADK: AMBA Design Suite - AHB: Advanced High-performance Bus - AHB-AP: AHB Access Port - APB: Advanced Peripheral Bus - ARM: ARM Architecture Reference Manual - ASIC: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit - ATB: Advanced Tracking Bus Other important terms include: - BE8: Byte-Invariant Big Endian Mode - CPI: Cycles Per Instruction - DAP: Debug Access Port - DSP: Digital Signal Processing - DWT: Data Watchpoint and Trace - ETM: Embedded Trace Macrocell - FPB: Flash Patch and Breakpoint Unit - HTM: CoreSight AHB Trace Macro Unit - ICE: In-Circuit Emulator - IDE: Integrated Development Environment - IRQ: Interrupt Request - ISA: Instruction Set Architecture - ISR: Interrupt Service Routine - ITM: Instrumented Trace Macrocell - JTAG: Joint Test Action Group - LR: Link Register - LSB: Least Significant Bit - MSB: Most Significant Bit - LSU: Load/Store Unit - MCU: Microcontroller Unit - MPU: Memory Protection Unit - MMU: Memory Management Unit - MSP: Main Stack Pointer - NMI: Non-Maskable Interrupt - NVIC: Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller - PC: Program Counter - PPB: Private Peripheral Bus **Understanding Numeric Values:** 1. **Hexadecimal Values**: For instance, `4'hC` represents a 4-bit hexadecimal value `C`, and `0x123` refers to hexadecimal number `123`. 2. **Decimal Values**: Numbers like `2.3` represent integers, such as IRQ#3 indicating interrupt number 3. 3. **Immediate Values**: `#immed_12` denotes a 12-bit immediate value. 4. **Bit Representation**: `register bit` typically signifies a bit segment, e.g., `bit[15:12]` represents the value of bits from 15 down to 12. **Register Access Types:** 1. **R**: Read-only 2. **W**: Write-only 3. **RW**: Readable and writable 4. **R/Wc**: Readable, but writing clears it to 0. **Introduction to the Cortex-M3 Chip** **1. Basic Structure:** The Cortex-M3’s architecture comprises multiple components working in parallel. Its internal data path, registers, and memory interface are all 32-bit wide, using a Harvard architecture with separate instruction and data buses. This separation enhances performance by allowing simultaneous fetch and data access. **2. ARMv7 Architecture:** This version introduced three distinct styles: Style A, R, and M. - **Style A**: Designed for high-performance open application platforms, resembling computers. - **Style R**: Targeted at high-end embedded systems requiring real-time performance. - **Style M**: Suited for deeply embedded, microcontroller-style systems. **3. Processor Stages:** The Cortex-M3 excels in performance, code density, and compact silicon area, making it ideal for various applications such as automotive electronics, industrial control, consumer electronics, and more. **4. Overview of Cortex-M3:** **(1) Introduction:** The Cortex-M3 is a 32-bit processor core with independent instruction and data buses. It supports both Little Endian and Big Endian modes and offers an optional Memory Protection Unit (MPU). Complex applications can leverage external caches if needed. **(2) Simplified Diagram:** A simplified representation of the Cortex-M3’s architecture shows how its components interact. **(3) Register Set:** The Cortex-M3 includes a set of registers, including general-purpose registers (R0-R12), two stack pointers (Main Stack Pointer and Process Stack Pointer), a link register (R14), and a program counter (R15). Special function registers manage the processor’s status and control. **(4) Privilege Levels:** The Cortex-M3 operates in two modes: Thread Mode and Handler Mode. It supports two privilege levels—Privileged and User. The privilege mechanism ensures secure execution, preventing unauthorized access to critical resources. **(5) Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC):** The NVIC enables nested interrupts, dynamic priority adjustments, and interrupt masking, significantly reducing latency. **(6) Memory Mapping:** Cortex-M3 supports a 4GB address space, divided into distinct regions for different functionalities. **(7) Bus Interfaces:** Multiple bus interfaces within the Cortex-M3 enable simultaneous access to memory and peripherals. **(8) Memory Protection Unit (MPU):** The MPU allows for differentiated access rights between privileged and user-level processes, enhancing system stability. **Conclusion:** The Cortex-M3 combines high performance, efficient interrupt handling, and robust security features, making it a powerful choice for modern embedded systems. Understanding its architecture lays a solid foundation for mastering STM32 development. Reprinted from the Embedded Information Community. If you have any concerns regarding copyright, please contact us for resolution.

Type C Charger

Type C Charger

Type-C Charger also call USB-C charger.A charger with one or more USB-C ports can be connected to the USB-C cable.The type-C charger can be used to quickly charge many popular devices, including the MacBook Pro and Nintendo Switch, and transfer data faster than any other USB type.The Type C charger is the newest and most widely available charger.

Type C Charger,Anker Power Port Atom,Xcentz Portable Charger,Usbc Wall Adapter

Pogo Technology International Ltd , https://www.wisesir.net